Institutional independence

When seeking justice
carries a cost.

Sanctions can affect official work and everyday life. These records preserve the decisions, the responses and the personal consequences that have been documented.

Historical designations in 2025. This page does not assert that sanctions remain in force today.

Profile / 01

Francesca Albanese

Independent UN Special Rapporteur. Designated by the United States in July 2025.

Explore the record ↗Profile / 02

Nicolas Guillou

ICC judge. His account describes effects on everyday transactions.

Explore the record ↗Profile / 03

Reine Alapini Gansou

ICC judge from Benin. Sanctioned in June 2025.

Explore the record ↗Profile / 04

Beti Hohler

ICC judge from Slovenia. Sanctioned in June 2025.

Explore the record ↗

Different roles. Different records.

UN mandate holders and ICC judges work in different institutions. The sanctions programme also covered work outside the Palestine situation. Individual experiences are attributed; they are not assumed for everyone.

Institutional records: S19–S23. Personal testimony: S41. Case connections: S42.